{"id":82,"date":"2021-03-10T19:33:00","date_gmt":"2021-03-10T18:33:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/lavilledemontable.fr\/?p=82"},"modified":"2024-03-09T13:08:20","modified_gmt":"2024-03-09T12:08:20","slug":"la-conception-pour-la-demontabilite","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lavilledemontable.fr\/index.php\/2021\/03\/10\/la-conception-pour-la-demontabilite\/","title":{"rendered":"DfD (Design for Disassembly), la conception pour la d\u00e9montabilit\u00e9"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Origine et<\/strong> D\u00e9finition<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pour parvenir \u00e0 un objectif de d\u00e9montabilit\u00e9 optimale des b\u00e2timents, il convient que soit d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e une m\u00e9thodologie sp\u00e9cifique qualifi\u00e9e de \u00abConception pour la D\u00e9montabilit\u00e9\u00bb. L\u2019architecte, l\u2019ing\u00e9nieur, le fabricant mais \u00e9galement le ma\u00eetre d\u2019ouvrage et l\u2019utilisateur devront in\u00e9vitablement travailler de concert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019origine du DfD:<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Dans l\u2019univers industriel, le DfA (Design for Assembly<\/em> ou Conception pour l\u2019Assemblage) est un concept d\u00e9j\u00e0 ancien remontant aux ann\u00e9es 60 et d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 intensivement dans les ann\u00e9es 1980 notamment dans l\u2019industrie automobile. Ce processus de conception \/fabrication vise \u00e0 optimiser et faciliter l\u2019assemblage des composants \u00e9l\u00e9mentaires d\u2019un produit ou d\u2019un syst\u00e8me afin de rendre plus efficace le travail des ouvriers et par del\u00e0, am\u00e9liorer la productivit\u00e9. On est encore dans une vision lin\u00e9aire de production sans forc\u00e9ment se soucier ni de la maintenance, ni de la fin de vie du produit .1<\/u><\/sup>

Dans les ann\u00e9es 1990, avec la mont\u00e9e des pr\u00e9occupations environnementales, le monde de l\u2019industrie a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 se soucier de la d\u00e9montabilit\u00e9 des produits et syst\u00e8mes \u00e0 des fins de maintenance et de r\u00e9paration mais \u00e9galement pour rendre le recyclage des \u00e9l\u00e9ments issus de ces produits plus facile 2<\/u><\/sup>.
Les institutions se sont d\u2019ailleurs empar\u00e9es du sujet. Ainsi la Communaut\u00e9 Europ\u00e9enne s\u2019est dot\u00e9e de la directive 2000\/53\/CE qui donne le ton et propose un cadre harmonis\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle europ\u00e9enne quant \u00e0 la conception des v\u00e9hicules en vue d\u2019optimiser leurs recyclage et valorisation.

Le DfA \u00e9tant ainsi devenu obsol\u00e8te, <\/em>la notion de DfD \u00abDesign for Disassembly\u00bb (Conception pour le D\u00e9montage) <\/em>a peu \u00e0 peu \u00e9merg\u00e9 et s\u2019est d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e d\u2019abord dans le domaine de l\u2019industrie. Par la suite la recherche, notamment universitaire, a op\u00e9r\u00e9 une transposition de ce concept au domaine de la construction. Dans ce contexte, le DfD qui d\u00e9signe \u00e0 l\u2019origine \u00ab Design for Disassembly \u00bb peut \u00e9galement vouloir dire \u00ab Design for D\u00e9construction \u00bb.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9finition du DfD pour le b\u00e2timent:<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ainsi, aux \u00c9tats-Unis, l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Pennsylvanie a fait \u00e9tablir pour le compte de la Ville de Seattle et du compt\u00e9 de King, un guide intitul\u00e9 \u00ab DfD: Design for Disassembly in the built environment \u00bb<\/em>3<\/u><\/sup> r\u00e9dig\u00e9 en 2006 par Bradley Guy et Nicholas Ciarimboli.
Ils en d\u00e9livrent comme suit une d\u00e9finition du concept :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 \u00bb Le DfD est la conception de b\u00e2timents pour en faciliter les \u00e9volutions futures et le d\u00e9mant\u00e8lement \u00e9ventuel (en partie ou en totalit\u00e9) pour la r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration des syst\u00e8mes techniques, des composants et des mat\u00e9riaux. Le DfD permet donc la flexibilit\u00e9, la convertibilit\u00e9, l\u2019adjonction et la soustraction de tout ou partie de b\u00e2timent .<\/em>

Ainsi, ce concept peut conduire \u00e0 \u00e9viter la d\u00e9molition totale de b\u00e2timents. Il a pour objectif d\u2019augmenter la dur\u00e9e de vie des b\u00e2timents in situ et de r\u00e9duire la consommation de nouveaux mat\u00e9riaux et la production de d\u00e9chets lors de leur construction, leur r\u00e9novation ou leur d\u00e9construction. Il permet ainsi de cr\u00e9er des b\u00e2timents qui constituent des stocks de mat\u00e9riaux de construction pour le futur.<\/em>

La r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration des mat\u00e9riaux vise aussi bien \u00e0 maximiser les aspects \u00e9conomiques qu\u2019\u00e0 minimiser les impacts environnementaux par le r\u00e9emploi, la r\u00e9paration, la remise en \u00e9tat et le recyclage ult\u00e9rieur, les derniers recours \u00e9tant la valorisation \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique \u00e0 partir des mat\u00e9riaux et la biod\u00e9gradation sans danger pour l\u2019environnement mat\u00e9riaux naturels.<\/em>

L\u2019ensemble du processus de conception englobe l\u2019\u00e9tude et le d\u00e9veloppement des assemblages, des composants, des mat\u00e9riaux, des techniques de construction ainsi que des syst\u00e8mes d\u2019information et de gestion de donn\u00e9es pour atteindre les objectifs.<\/em> \u00ab <\/p>\n\n\n\n


Le DfD ainsi d\u00e9fini pousse donc les principes de l\u2019\u00e9conomie circulaire<\/a> un cran plus loin en int\u00e9grant la conception pour la d\u00e9montabilit\u00e9 comme point de d\u00e9part d\u2019un processus visant l\u2019augmentation de la dur\u00e9e de vie du b\u00e2timent ou\/et de ses composants et au maintien de leur valeur \u00e9conomique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Illustration: Couverture du guide \u00ab\u00a0DfD Design for disassebly in the built environnement- Seattle University<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1<\/u><\/a> HERS Mikael \u2013 2012- \u00ab Is the Automotive Industry Using Design-for-Assembly Anymore? \u00bb \u2013<\/strong> University of Vassa \u2013 Finland https:\/\/www.univaasa.fi\/materiaali\/pdf\/isbn_978-952-476-422-3.pdf<\/u><\/a> (consult\u00e9 le 10\/09\/2020)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

2<\/u><\/a> Surenda M. Gupta \u2013 Charles R. McLean -Disassembly of products \u2013 1996 https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/0360835296001465<\/u><\/a> (consult\u00e9 le 12\/09\/2020)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

3<\/a> https:\/\/www.kingcounty.gov\/~\/media\/depts\/dnrp\/solid-waste\/green-building\/documents\/Design_for_Disassembly-guide.ashx?la=en<\/a> (consult\u00e9 le 15\/09\/2020)<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Origine et D\u00e9finition Pour parvenir \u00e0 un objectif de d\u00e9montabilit\u00e9 optimale des b\u00e2timents, il convient que soit d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e une m\u00e9thodologie sp\u00e9cifique qualifi\u00e9e de \u00abConception pour la D\u00e9montabilit\u00e9\u00bb. L\u2019architecte, l\u2019ing\u00e9nieur, le fabricant mais \u00e9galement le ma\u00eetre d\u2019ouvrage et l\u2019utilisateur devront in\u00e9vitablement travailler de concert. L\u2019origine du DfD: Dans l\u2019univers industriel, le DfA (Design for Assembly ou<\/p><\/div>\n

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